India could integrate the F-35 into its air fleet, a decision influenced by geopolitical dynamics and technological advances.
Faced with the challenge of modernizing its air fleet, India is considering the acquisition of Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Lightning II. This potential decision could alter the region’s strategic landscape, in response to China’s military advances and complex relations with Russia. However, the integration of the F-35 raises questions about the future of India’s indigenous programs, such as the AMCA and Tejas Mk2, as well as dependence on foreign technologies.
The F-35 Lightning II: a strategic asset for India
The F-35 Lightning II is a fifth-generation fighter developed by Lockheed Martin. Designed to be stealthy, it features advanced sensors and data fusion capabilities, offering information superiority on the battlefield. With a top speed of Mach 1.6 (around 1,975 km/h) and an operational range of around 2,200 km, it is designed for a variety of missions, from air superiority to precision strikes. Its unit cost is estimated at around 80 million euros, depending on configurations and purchase agreements.
Integrating the F-35 into the Indian fleet would offer a significant technological advance, particularly in terms of stealth and intelligence capabilities. This would enable India to strengthen its defensive posture and improve its interoperability with allied forces, notably those of the USA and other NATO members.
The MRFA program and the challenges of modernization
India has launched the Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) program to acquire 114 multi-role fighters to modernize its aging fleet. Potential candidates include the Dassault Rafale, Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet, Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab Gripen E and Sukhoi Su-35. However, the selection process was marked by delays and bureaucratic complications, delaying the necessary modernization of the Indian Air Force.
The introduction of the F-35 into this competition could reshuffle the deck, offering a fifth-generation alternative to the 4.5-generation fighters currently under consideration. However, this would require a reassessment of India’s budgetary and strategic priorities.
Consequences for indigenous programs: AMCA and Tejas Mk2
India has invested in the development of indigenous fighters, notably the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) and the Tejas Mk2. The AMCA aims to be a fifth-generation stealth fighter, with entry into service scheduled for the 2030s. The Tejas Mk2 is designed to modernize India’s fleet of light fighters.
The acquisition of the F-35 could have an impact on these programs. On the one hand, it would offer an immediate fifth-generation capability, but on the other, it could divert financial and human resources from indigenous projects, delaying their development and compromising the goal of defense self-sufficiency.
Geopolitical dynamics: China and Russia
China’s rise in military power, notably with the deployment of the Chengdu J-20, a fifth-generation stealth fighter, is a major concern for India. The acquisition of the F-35 would enable India to bridge the technological gap and maintain a strategic balance in the region.
At the same time, India has a long-standing defense relationship with Russia, with acquisitions such as the S-400 air defense system. The purchase of the F-35 could complicate this relationship, as Russia is also offering its Su-57 stealth fighter to India. India will therefore have to balance its relations with these two powers while pursuing its military modernization objectives.
Economic and industrial considerations
Integrating the F-35 into the Indian fleet would represent a substantial financial investment. In addition to the unit acquisition cost, we would have to consider expenditure on maintenance infrastructure, pilot and ground crew training, and the integration of existing weapons systems.
In addition, India has emphasized its “Make in India” initiative, aimed at promoting domestic production and reducing dependence on defense imports. Lockheed Martin has proposed industrial partnerships, but the depth and nature of technology transfer remain crucial negotiating points.
India’s possible acquisition of the F-35 represents a complex strategic decision, involving technological, economic and geopolitical considerations. While it offers an opportunity for rapid modernization and improved defense capabilities, it also poses challenges in terms of technological sovereignty and international relations. India will need to weigh these factors carefully to determine the best course of action for its national security and industrial development.
War Wings Daily is an independant magazine.