Training fighter pilots for missions without communication: techniques, tools, and strategies for operating in total autonomy.
In modern theaters of operation, fighter pilots are confronted with situations where communications can be severely jammed or completely absent. These environments, known as “communications denied,” require specific preparation. Fighter pilot training now includes modules dedicated to autonomous decision-making, unassisted navigation, and coordination without radio contact. This adaptation aims to ensure mission effectiveness, even in the absence of external support.
Initial training: developing autonomy in flight
Fighter pilot training begins with the acquisition of basic flying skills. In the French Air and Space Force, this phase is provided by the Air Force Academy in Salon-de-Provence. Students learn basic flying, aerobatics, instrument flying, navigation, and close formation flying.
The use of the Pilatus PC-21, a modern training aircraft equipped with a head-up display and three liquid crystal screens, provides immersion in an advanced technological environment. This training aims to develop decision-making autonomy, which is essential in the event of a loss of communication.
Flight simulators also play a crucial role. They reproduce scenarios involving loss of communication, forcing pilots to make decisions without external assistance. These exercises reinforce the ability to manage unexpected situations and maintain control of the aircraft in all circumstances.
Flight simulators: immersion in scenarios without communication
Flight simulators are essential tools for preparing fighter pilots to operate without communication. They provide a controlled environment where scenarios involving jamming or total loss of communication can be accurately reproduced.
These simulators incorporate advanced motion systems, realistic visual environments, and control interfaces identical to those found in fighter jets. They allow pilots to practice critical situations, such as loss of control in flight, without any communication with the ground or other aircraft.
Simulator training offers several advantages:
- Safety: pilots can practice managing dangerous situations without risk to their lives or the lives of others.
- Flexibility: scenarios can be adapted to target specific skills or situations.
- Assessment: pilot performance is recorded and analyzed to identify areas for improvement.
These simulator sessions are integrated into various stages of fighter pilot training, from initial learning to advanced training. They complement actual flights by providing a controlled environment for developing and refining the skills needed to manage communication losses in flight.
Coordination procedures in the absence of communication
In the event of interference or loss of communication, fighter pilots must use alternative coordination procedures. One of the methods taught is aviation phraseology, a standardized verbal code that enables clear and concise radio exchanges.
However, in the absence of radio contact, pilots must rely on visual coordination techniques and pre-established mission plans. Training includes close formation flight exercises, where pilots learn to interpret their teammates’ movements to maintain squadron cohesion.
Systems such as SELCAL (Selective Calling System) are also used to alert pilots when communication is available. However, their effectiveness is limited in the event of severe jamming. Thus, the ability to operate autonomously and make tactical decisions without external support is essential.
Training in unassisted navigation
Navigation is a critical aspect of fighter pilot missions, particularly in the absence of positioning systems such as GPS. Training includes specific modules on dead reckoning, using visual landmarks and trajectory calculations based on speed and time.
Pilots also learn how to use topographic maps and interpret terrain features to maintain their orientation. These skills are reinforced through practical exercises, including low-altitude flights where navigation must be precise despite the absence of electronic signals.
Programs such as DARPA’s Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment (CODE) aim to develop algorithms and software that enable aircraft to conduct missions in the absence of communication. These initiatives underscore the importance of autonomous navigation in modern operations.
Integrating feedback into training
Fighter pilot training is constantly evolving through the integration of operational feedback. Loss of control incidents (LOC-I) are analyzed to identify contributing factors, such as mental workload, weather conditions, and errors in judgment.
These analyses enable training programs to be adjusted to better prepare pilots to handle critical situations. For example, Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) is an essential component of training, aimed at preventing and managing flight control loss situations.
The integration of this feedback ensures that training remains relevant and effective in the face of current operational challenges. It also helps to strengthen pilots’ resilience by preparing them to deal with unexpected situations calmly and competently.
The ability of fighter pilots to operate effectively in the absence of communication relies on rigorous and appropriate training. Modules dedicated to autonomous navigation, coordination without radio contact, and critical situation management are essential to ensuring mission success in hostile environments. The continuous integration of operational feedback ensures that training programs are constantly evolving and aligned with the realities of the field.
War Wings Daily is an independant magazine.