The Ilyushin IL-106 “Slon” is a Russian heavy-lift strategic transport aircraft under development, designed to replace the Antonov An-124 with enhanced payload capacity and modern avionics.
The Ilyushin IL-106 “Slon” is a four-engine heavy-lift strategic transport aircraft currently under development by Russia’s Ilyushin Design Bureau. Intended to replace the aging Antonov An-124 “Ruslan,” the IL-106 aims to enhance Russia’s military airlift capabilities. The aircraft is designed to carry a maximum payload of approximately 180,000 kg (396,832 lbs) over distances up to 7,000 km (4,350 miles). It will be powered by four Aviadvigatel PD-35 turbofan engines, each providing up to 34,000 lbs of thrust, enabling a cruising speed of 850 km/h (528 mph). The IL-106 features a high-wing design with a spacious cargo hold measuring 27.5 meters in length, 5.8 meters in width, and 4.4 meters in height, accommodating a wide range of military equipment and vehicles.
History of Development
In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union recognized the need for a new heavy transport aircraft to succeed the Antonov An-22 and complement the An-124. This led to the initial development of the Ilyushin IL-106 project in 1987. The design aimed to create a four-engine heavy transport capable of carrying substantial payloads over long distances. However, the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and subsequent economic challenges led to the suspension of the IL-106 project in the early 1990s.
The geopolitical landscape shifted dramatically in the following decades. The deterioration of relations between Russia and Ukraine, particularly after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, strained the maintenance and support of the Ukrainian-designed An-124 fleet. This situation underscored the necessity for an indigenous heavy transport solution. In response, the Russian Ministry of Defense revisited the IL-106 project under the framework of the Prospective Aviation Complex of Military Transport Aviation (PAK VTA) program.
In 2016, Ilyushin announced the revival of the IL-106 project, now designated as “Slon.” The modernized design incorporated advancements in aerodynamics, materials, and avionics that had emerged since the original project’s inception. The aircraft’s development aimed to address the logistical requirements of the Russian Armed Forces, including the transportation of modern military hardware such as the T-14 Armata main battle tank.
The IL-106 project has undergone several iterations, with continuous refinements to meet evolving military needs and technological standards. As of 2025, the aircraft is in the advanced stages of development, with prototype construction underway and a maiden flight anticipated in the near future.
Design of the Ilyushin IL-106 (Slon)
The Ilyushin IL-106 “Slon” features a high-wing, four-engine design optimized for heavy airlift operations. The aircraft’s overall length is approximately 70 meters (229.7 feet), with a wingspan of 75 meters (246.1 feet) and a height of 21 meters (68.9 feet). This configuration provides a balanced combination of structural integrity and aerodynamic efficiency.
The fuselage is designed with a semi-monocoque structure, utilizing advanced composite materials and high-strength aluminum alloys to reduce weight while maintaining durability. The cargo hold dimensions—27.5 meters in length, 5.8 meters in width, and 4.4 meters in height—allow for the accommodation of oversized military equipment, including armored vehicles and helicopters. Both front and rear cargo doors facilitate efficient loading and unloading operations.
The wing design incorporates a moderate sweep angle and is equipped with winglets to enhance aerodynamic performance and fuel efficiency. The high-wing configuration not only provides ground clearance for large payloads but also contributes to improved flight stability. The aircraft’s empennage features a conventional tail assembly with a single vertical stabilizer and horizontal stabilizers, ensuring effective control and maneuverability.
The landing gear system is robust, designed to support operations from semi-prepared airstrips. It consists of a retractable tricycle arrangement, with a dual-wheel nose gear and multiple-wheel main gear assemblies capable of distributing the aircraft’s weight effectively, thus reducing ground pressure.
The cockpit is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics, including digital flight control systems, multifunctional displays, and advanced navigation aids. These systems enhance situational awareness and reduce pilot workload, contributing to safer and more efficient operations.
Performance of the Ilyushin IL-106 (Slon)
The IL-106 “Slon” is powered by four Aviadvigatel PD-35 turbofan engines, each delivering a thrust of approximately 34,000 lbs (15,422 kgf). These engines are designed for high efficiency and reliability, providing the necessary power for heavy-lift operations. The aircraft’s maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) is projected to be around 400,000 kg (881,849 lbs), with an empty weight of approximately 180,000 kg (396,832 lbs).
With a cruising speed of 850 km/h (528 mph), the IL-106 offers swift transit capabilities over long distances. Its operational range is estimated at 7,000 km (4,350 miles) when carrying a standard payload, enabling strategic reach for military missions and logistical operations. The maximum range, when carrying a reduced payload, is expected to exceed 10,000 km (6,213 miles), allowing for intercontinental transport without refueling.
The IL-106 is designed to operate at a service ceiling of 12,000 meters (39,370 feet), providing flexibility in flight routing and avoiding adverse weather conditions. The aircraft’s climb rate, while not officially disclosed, is expected to be competitive with existing heavy-lift transport aircraft, ensuring rapid altitude gain for operational efficiency.
Compared to its primary competitor, the Lockheed C-5M Super Galaxy, the IL-106 offers a slightly larger cargo capacity but with a lower maximum range. However, its operational costs and maintenance requirements are anticipated to be lower due to modernized engine technology and optimized aerodynamics. Against the Xian Y-20, the IL-106 surpasses in payload capacity and range, positioning it as a superior heavy-lift transport for large-scale logistical operations.
Variants of the Ilyushin IL-106 (Slon)
The IL-106 is still in its early development phase, and official variants have not yet been confirmed. However, based on past Russian heavy-lift aircraft programs, several configurations are likely to emerge:
- IL-106A – Standard strategic transport variant for the Russian Air Force, designed to replace the An-124 Ruslan with a maximum payload of 180 tons.
- IL-106T – A potential civilian cargo version, optimized for commercial freight operations, similar to the Antonov An-124-100 used by Volga-Dnepr Airlines.
- IL-106M – A potential militarized version with electronic warfare capabilities and countermeasure systems for contested environments.
- IL-106AEW – Hypothetical airborne early warning (AEW) variant, using a modified fuselage to accommodate radar systems.
As development progresses, additional specialized configurations may emerge, depending on military and civilian demand.
Military Missions of the Ilyushin IL-106 (Slon)
The IL-106 is primarily designed for strategic airlift missions, enabling the Russian Air Force to transport heavy military equipment, vehicles, and troops over long distances. The aircraft’s large cargo hold allows for the rapid deployment of battle tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and helicopters.
Peacetime Operations
In non-combat situations, the IL-106 will be used for:
- Rapid military logistics – Transporting equipment between bases or to deployment zones.
- Humanitarian missions – Delivering disaster relief aid, including medical supplies, food, and emergency shelters.
- International cooperation – Supporting Russian military contingents in global peacekeeping operations.
Conflict Operations
During wartime, the IL-106 will be tasked with:
- Strategic reinforcement – Rapidly deploying armored units such as the T-14 Armata main battle tank.
- Airborne operations – Carrying airborne troops and their equipment for rapid response missions.
- Heavy equipment transport – Moving specialized missile systems, mobile radar units, and command centers to forward positions.
- Aerial resupply – Delivering fuel, ammunition, and supplies to remote battlefronts.
Competing Aircraft
The IL-106’s closest rivals include:
- Lockheed C-5M Super Galaxy (USA) – Offers a longer range but similar payload capacity.
- Antonov An-124 Ruslan (Ukraine/Russia) – Older platform, requiring replacement.
- Xian Y-20 (China) – A smaller aircraft with 66% less payload capacity.
Export and Future Use
As of 2025, the IL-106 is intended solely for Russian military service, with no confirmed export orders. However, countries with heavy airlift requirements, such as India, China, and Algeria, could be potential buyers if a civilian or export variant is developed.
While still in development, the IL-106’s projected capabilities suggest a highly competitive platform, capable of rivaling Western heavy transport aircraft. If successfully integrated into the Russian Air Force, it will significantly enhance the country’s ability to deploy and sustain military forces globally. The aircraft’s potential civilian variant could also play a crucial role in commercial cargo transport, further extending its strategic importance.
Future developments will determine the extent of its operational success and potential international adoption.
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