Clear analysis of the Indian-Russian project on the production of the Su-57 with HAL, industrial challenges, technology transfer, air-to-air strategy
India is working with Russia to assess the feasibility of locally producing the Su-57, Russia’s fifth-generation fighter jet. This project is part of its industrial sovereignty strategy, supported by the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat programs. The aim is to strengthen defense capabilities while reducing dependence on imports.
The Su-57 is a stealth fighter with aerodynamics that reduce its radar signature, advanced electronics, and supersonic cruise capability. Russia has proposed an offer that includes full technology transfer and licensed production, tailored to New Delhi’s strategic expectations.
India’s needs
The Indian Air Force aims to acquire two to three squadrons of fifth-generation aircraft, or between 40 and 60 units. This is in response to the planned withdrawal of the MiG-21s, which are considered aging, in a context of growing tensions with China.
At the same time, India is continuing to develop the AMCA, its indigenous combat aircraft, scheduled for delivery in 2035. Until this capability is available, foreign options such as the Su-57 or F-35 can fill the gap in the short term.
The strategic role of HAL
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), responsible for combat aircraft in India, would be the central player. Its Nashik plant, already specialized in the assembly of the Su-30MKI, could be adapted for the Su-57.
Other Indian industrial sites, already involved in the production of parts for Russian systems, could contribute, which would reduce costs and lead times.
Technology transfer: a key issue
The Russian proposal includes extensive technology transfer, even the sharing of sensitive source codes. This approach is essential for India. It wants to move on from its previous experience, the FGFA (Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft) program, which was abandoned in 2018 due to costs deemed too high and too limited access to technologies.
If the transfer is approved, HAL could reach a new level in its autonomous air defense capabilities.
Industrial and geopolitical issues
Local production of the Su-57 would strengthen the Indian aerospace industry. It would allow HAL to leverage its expertise and modernize its production lines.
This strategic cooperation comes at a time when India is diversifying its suppliers since the war in Ukraine, which has weakened Russian exports.
The decision comes at a time when India is soliciting global proposals for 114 multi-role aircraft, with priority given to production on Indian soil and technology transfer.
Key figures: 40 to 60 aircraft, 2–3 squadrons, FGFA abandoned in 2018, AMCA available from 2035.
Factual data: Su-57 in production since 2019, HAL turnover of more than $3 billion, 221 Su-30MKIs produced.
Concrete challenges: reducing maintenance costs, securing supply chains, production autonomy.
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