Technical analysis of the drones used in the war in Ukraine, their strategic impact, and innovations in long-range drones.
Drones have transformed modern conflicts, as illustrated by the war in Ukraine. They are replacing artillery and traditional weapons, thanks to their low cost, flexibility and ability to reach targets over 2,000 kilometers away. In response to operational needs, Ukraine has innovated with long-range, electronic jamming-resistant models, while Russia is relying on similar technologies to catch up. The massive use of drones, starting at €500 per unit, has redefined surveillance and strikes, placing mastery of this technology at the heart of strategic issues.
The rise of drones in modern conflicts
Since the start of the war in Ukraine in 2022, drones have established themselves as a central weapon. Declining stocks of traditional artillery have led both sides to adopt these aircraft for surveillance and strikes. Around 60% of reconnaissance missions in Ukraine involve drones**.
The most advanced models, capable of striking over 2,000 km, use GPS/INS systems and visual recognition algorithms to reach their targets with precision. For example, Ukrainian drones have hit strategic sites in Moscow and St Petersburg, despite Russian air defenses.
Key figures:
- Average price of a drone:** €500 for a quadcopter, up to €2,000 with night vision sensors.
- Explosive load:** up to 0.5 kg per device, enough to neutralize light targets.
Technological innovations and adaptations
Drone technology has evolved thanks to advances in electronics. Between 2021 and 2023, more than a million consumer drones were sold by companies like DJI. These low-cost devices serve as the basis for adapted military models. Ukraine has leveraged its industry and drone enthusiasts to rapidly produce modified models.
Long-range drones use reliable combustion engines and systems resistant to electronic jamming. However, their development remains limited by the need for precise components, particularly for optical sensors and navigation systems.
Impact on military strategies
Drones are revolutionizing traditional tactics. Thanks to their continuous surveillance capability (up to 20 km into enemy territory), they complicate enemy supply operations. For example, Ukrainian drones have hampered Russian logistics lines.
These devices are also formidable for precision strikes. The combination of low-cost drones and advanced sensors enables them to complement, or even replace, air strikes and heavy artillery.
Economic and logistical consequences
The low cost of drones has enabled their widespread use. On the other hand, operator training remains a major challenge: a drone operator requires several dozen hours of practice before being fully operational. Armies must also manage the recharging and maintenance of these devices to guarantee their availability.
Towards a war dominated by drones?
A decisive step has been taken with the creation of the Ukrainian Drone Force. This specialized body develops new models and organizes their mass production. The war in Ukraine has shown that the technological mastery of drones could become a key factor in future conflicts.
Thanks to their flexibility and cost, drones are redefining modern conflicts. Their uses, whether for reconnaissance or strikes, will continue to evolve to meet the strategic needs of armies.
War Wings Daily is an independant magazine.