Europe must rethink its defense strategy by integrating emerging technologies to address current and future threats.
Faced with rising geopolitical tensions, particularly due to the war in Ukraine, Europe recognizes the need for strategic rearmament. However, instead of focusing solely on increasing traditional personnel and equipment, a smarter approach is recommended. This involves integrating advanced technologies such as drones, electronic warfare, and artificial intelligence. The goal is to develop an effective deterrent capability based on autonomous systems, flexible command structures, and an innovative defense industry.
European rearmament: towards technological modernization
Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, European countries have increased their military spending. In 2024, European NATO members spent approximately $454 billion on defense, a significant increase over previous years.
Germany, for example, increased its military budget by 28% in 2024 to $88.5 billion, becoming the largest military spender in Western Europe.
However, this increase in spending does not necessarily translate into effective modernization. It is crucial that these funds are invested in emerging technologies rather than traditional equipment.
The impact of drones in modern conflicts
The war in Ukraine has demonstrated the effectiveness of drones on the battlefield. According to the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), drones are responsible for around two-thirds of Russian losses in Ukraine.
These drones, which are often inexpensive, enable precise attacks while reducing the risk to soldiers. For example, drones costing around $300 can neutralize tanks worth several million dollars.
Ukraine has taken advantage of this technology by developing a local drone industry, with more than 500 companies producing up to 5 million drones per year.
The importance of electronic warfare and AI
Electronic warfare plays a crucial role in modern conflicts. It can disrupt enemy communications, jam GPS signals, and protect friendly systems.
Ukraine recently adopted a portable electronic warfare system called “Frying Pan,” designed to counter Russian drones.
In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into defense systems. Companies such as Helsing are developing autonomous underwater drones capable of remaining submerged for three months, using AI to detect and interpret underwater threats.
Towards an innovative European defense industry
To remain competitive, Europe must encourage innovation in its defense industry. This means supporting tech start-ups and reducing dependence on traditional suppliers.
Companies such as Anduril and Helsing are leading the way by developing cutting-edge technologies for defense. However, Europe still lags behind the US in terms of funding for defense start-ups. In 2024, US start-ups raised $2.5 billion, compared with only $1 million for their European counterparts.
It is therefore essential that Europe creates an ecosystem conducive to innovation by facilitating access to financing and simplifying procurement processes.
Reforming command and control structures
The integration of advanced technologies requires reform of military command structures. Traditional hierarchies must be replaced by more flexible systems capable of adapting quickly to feedback from the field.
Ukraine has established Unmanned Systems Forces, a military branch dedicated to autonomous systems, enabling better coordination and rapid response to threats.
In addition, the use of AI to guide weapons and drones reduces dependence on GPS communications, which are often vulnerable to enemy jamming.
Strategic and geopolitical implications
Europe’s smart rearmament has major implications for the continent’s security. By investing in advanced technologies, Europe is strengthening its deterrence capabilities and reducing its dependence on the United States.
However, this requires greater cooperation between European countries, particularly in terms of funding and technological development. Initiatives such as the European Defense Fund proposed by the European Commission, with a budget of €150 billion, are a step in the right direction.
It is crucial that Europe continues on this path to ensure its security in the face of current and future threats.
War Wings Daily is an independant magazine.